In this paper, to achieve an efficiency robustness and accuracy registration purpose, we proposed a new method (GTM-GMM) for multi-modality 3D image, combined gradient decent optimizer, maximum mutual information, multi-resolution (GMM) and an improved optimizer gradient threshold mask (GTM) which ensures high quality sampled voxels. First we compute a mask based on gradient, than we process the mask using threshold filter to get a final mask which not only contains the edge information but also region information. In each level of multiresolution we use different gradient mask depending on the specific level to subsample voxels. In higher level registration, the mask will contain more edge information but less region information and the sampling voxels will decrease in a large number due to the little movement of the floating volume. We show that our improved method is more efficient and accurate than conventional registration method.

Web servers constitute the electronic front door of many organizations. More and more critical applications are developed on the web in various fields like finance, e-commerce. In the same time, web servers and web-based applications are popular attack targets. Traditional approaches which focus only on preventing attacks are insufficient when used in the context of open networks like Internet which are characterized by frequent appearance of new attacks. The objective is to propose a generic architecture for intrusion-tolerant dynamic Web Servers. Unlike other intrusion tolerant architectures, this architecture focuses on redundancy, diversification and fault tolerance. Placing heterogeneous web servers with load balancing proxy inbetween, not only makes it difficult for the attackers to progress, but also improves the efficiency of the web servers.

In this paper, we will present some properties of bounds of the variance, the standard deviation and of the coefficient of variation. Several notions related to variance, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation for sample series are given.

The performance of medical image segmentation assessment is highly correlated with the extraction of anatomic structures from them, and the major task is how to separate the region of interests from the background and soft tissues successfully. This paper propose a fuzzy logic based bitplane method to automatically segment the background of images and to locate the region of interest of medical images. This segmentation algorithm consists of three steps namely identification, rule firing and inference. In the first step, we begin by identifying the bitplanes that represent the lungs clearly. For this purpose, the intensity value of a pixel is separated in to bitplanes. In the second step, the triple signum function assigns an optimum threshold based on the gray scale values for the anatomical structure present in the medical image. Fuzzy rules are formed based on the available bit planes to form the membership table and are stored in a knowledge base. Finally rules are fired to assign final segmentation values through inference process. The proposed new metrics are used to measure the accuracy of the segmentation method. From the analysis, it is observed that the proposed metrics are more suitable for the estimation of segmentation accuracy. The results obtained from this work shows that the proposed method performs segmentation effectively for the different classes of medical images.

The paper assesses the occurrence and the amplitude of the hazard phenomena in the South-West Development Region based on annual, monthly and daily extreme climatic values (temperature, precipitations, wind, and dangerous climatic phenomena) from all the meteorological stations situated in the study-area (1961-2007). \nThe authors selected the most significant meteorological phenomena for both warm (heat waves and positive thermal singularities, dryness and drought, heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, hail storms, strong winds, acid deposits and fog) and cold (temperature inversions and cold waves, blizzard, snow layer, frost and hoarfrost, sleet and snow-broth, ice deposits and winter heat waves) semester of the year in order to establish the main vulnerability classes (mixed, very high, high, medium and low). Each climatic hazard was represented by a layer in GIS format comprising the spatial distribution of its environmental vulnerability. Following the layers’ superposition and correlation, two complex climatic hazards’ maps, one for each semesters of the year have resulted in order to emphases the main threats of these hazardous phenomena on the environment.\nThe regionalization of climatic hazards has a practical importance for the human communities at regional and local level in order to diminish their negative impact.

The concept of social capital is emerging and has three important components including social trust, social solidarity and social participation which is both affected by these components and is expanding them. This vital capital which has mutual and strong dependence and relationship with physical, economic and human capital- in line with being able to be an opportunity for economic, cultural and political development acceleration and society growth as well as an introduction for civil society and modern society infrastructure establishment- can also be accounted a serious threat for public trust and society’s development in cultural, economic and political aspects. Here, after all three parts of the capital description, social capital will be defined and the most important components will be explained. Then, positive and negative impacts of the social capital in societies will be discussed with details.

balaghat@edpsy.usb.ac.ir\nAbstract\nLearner-oriented education is a spectrum that extends from the interaction between learner and teacher to pure learner-oriented education. This study uses a descriptive-analytical methodology to explore the views of the three main Jean of learner-oriented education, namely, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. This study is an attempt to find the positions of these three personalities on learner-oriented education spectrum. The findings of this study show that all three personalities supported learner-oriented education and emphasized on its many attributes. These attributes provide learner the freedom of experimentation, interaction, and participation based on his needs, motivation, interest, and willingness that are driven by his talents and understanding. Learner-oriented education is like a color spectrum. It starts at the light end (A) and turns darker as education moves on the spectrum toward the other end (B). Each one of the three contributors has a position on this spectrum.

Abstract\nThe research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of active, inactive and multi-sensory cognitive training in adopting and utilizing the strategies in mild mentally retarded children. Thus, through applying a semi-experimental method a sample of 60 individuals was selected using random, stratified sampling drawn from a larger population of all the mild mentally retarded individuals studying in the fourth grade of special schools located in Ahwaz. This group was subsequently assigned to the experimental and control groups. In order to record and determine the performance of the subjects in pre-test and post-test, pictorial cards (animals, fruits and objects) have been used in the educational intervention including active cognitive strategies, inactive cognitive strategies (review, generalization and categorization) and also active cognitive Fernald multisensory method were administered for one week in the experimental group; simultaneously, the control group had been receiving unrelated programs. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA and Tukey follow-up test). Results indicated that active, inactive and multi-sensory cognitive training was effective in adopting and utilizing the retrieval and retention strategies in children with mild retardation. However, no between-group difference was observed between the three mentioned groups on retention.

In this research paper, we focus a new approach to identify the position of an optic disc in retinal images. Retinal imaging is a common clinical course of action used to record a viewing of the retina. This kind of image may be used for diagnosis and keeping of patient record. In a retinal image, optic disc (OD) appears as a roughly round region which is brighter than it’s nearby. The location of any defect in a retinal image relative to OD is useful for later analysis and classification of pathologies. In this paper, mean shift segmentation is used and its convergence on lattices is proven. This method associates with each pixel in the image the closest local mode in the density distribution. Segmentation into a piecewise constant structure requires one more step, fusion of the regions associated with surrounding modes. This technique has two parameters controlling the resolution in the spatial and range domains. In view of the fact, that the convergence is guaranteed and does not require the intervention of the user to stop the filtering at the desired image quality. Applied mean shift algorithm is more fit factual scene than the usual segmentation algorithm.

Background: Stress is a highly unpleasant state of emotional arousal that can be related to adjustment problems including emotional (e.g. depression, anxiety, and aggression), and performance in school. This study aimed to determine the role of gender in the relationship between perceived stress and adjustment among Malaysian adolescents in metropolitan and urbanized cities of Malaysia. \nMethods: A total of 441 school-going adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years from 15 secondary schools were selected as respondents of the study using multistage cluster sampling and Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling technique. \nResults: Results indicated that adolescents with low level of stress of home life, low level of stress of peer pressure and school/leisure conflict had significantly better emotional and school functioning. T-test analysis revealed significant difference between male and female respondents in the assessment of emotional functioning. Multivariate analyses denoted that gender moderated the relationships between adolescent’s stress experiences and adjustment.\nConclusion: In conclusion stress negatively influences adjustment among adolescents and it affects female adolescents more than males.

BACKGROUND and AIMS: CD24 was overexpressed in gastric carcinomas and positive CD24 expression correlates significantly with lymphatic invasion, blood vessel invasion and poor survival in gastric carcinomas.We therefore suggested that CD24 would be a new molecular target for therapeutic strategies.In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of CD24 down-regulation using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. \nMETHODS: Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with Anti-CD24 mAb ,and the effects on growth and apoptosis were evaluated in vitro and vivo.\nRESULTS: We found that Anti-CD24 mAb could induce the apoptosis of cultured SGC-7901 cells and anti-CD24 mAb treatment inhibited the tumor growth after cancer cell grafting and enhanced the cell apoptosis inside the tumor tissue. \nCONCLUSIONS: Anti-CD24 mAb targeting therapy provides a new avenue toward treating gastric cancer.

Introduction: Severe traumatic brain injury has important consequences on all organs and systems. Stress-induced ulcer, complicated with digestive bleeding, was frequently encountered in these patients.\nThe objective of the experiment was to determine occurrence of acute stress-induced lesion with hemorrhagic potential in rats suffering a severe traumatic brain injury. \nThe aim of the experiment was to verify the clinical observation that severe traumatic brain injury cause erosion and ulcers of digestive mucosa, frequently complicated with digestive bleeding.\nWorking hypothesis: Severe traumatic brain injury favors digestive bleeding occurrence.\nMaterial and method: The experiment was performed in Experimental Medicine Center of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, in compliance with legislation regarding animal research. The experiment was done on 20 Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups: control and experimental. Animals in group 2 were produced severe traumatic brain injury. After sacrificing the animals the digestive tract was examined macro- and microscopically. \nResults: In the group with traumatic brain injury congestion and edema of gastric mucosa, with hemorrhages, erosions and acute ulcers were found. In 6 animals from the experimental group (60%) large blood clots and gastrorrhagia were found. \nConclusions: Severe traumatic brain injury favors occurrence of local necrotic-hemorrhagic lesions (erosions, ulcers) of gastric mucosa, which frequently is complicated with digestive bleeding.

We present the case of a 55 years old patient, man, (F.A), received of a level IV trauma centre, anxious, tachypnoea, with penetrating foreign body with a diameter of a 4 cm. and length 50 cm., near vertebral right side (at the D4 level with direction toward left thorax), subcutaneous emphysema at this level, absence of the respiratory noises on the left thorax and diminish these on the opposite side. Left chest drainage revealed hemo pneumothorax. \nWe proceed (under deep sedation and analgesia) to air medical evacuation to a regional trauma center.\nA complex imaging investigation has been performed in ED and has no identified than left pulmonary contusion. Emergency surgical intervention practiced foreign body extraction, extensive exploration, regulate and surgical treatment of the wound trajectory. \nPostoperative evolution of without no longer has, the patient was discharged from hospital after 10 days.\n\nConclusions\n• patient has been considered as a life threatening situation about up to the certainly exclusion of all critical or potential fatal lesions \n• assessment plan and the investigation strategy necessitated special adaptation and extension because of the foreign body penetration particularities and suspicion of visceral tissues and spinal lesions\n• minor lesion balance sheet of this patient must be considered as an exception fortune\n• medical team must remain prepared for the worst case scenario

This paper reports the strength development of high performance concrete in which Ultra Fine Steatite Powder (UFSP) is used as admixture. Concrete cubes and cylinders were prepared for compressive strength of 60 Mpa. The effect of varying dosage of ultra fine steatite powder is discussed in terms of cubes and cylinders. The specimens are tested on 3, 7,14,28,56 and 90 days strength, also the effect of M-S-H formation in the early ages of concrete are discussed. The workability was achieved by incorporating modified polycarboxylic ether as super plasticizers. It is observed that the addition of ultra fine steatite powder of about 5%, 10% and 15% gives a considerable increase in strengths.

Sodium selenite is one of the most toxic selenium compounds. In this study the oral subacute toxicity of sodium selenite at two doses was evaluated. Male Wistar rats were used, which were randomly divided in one of the three experimental groups consisting in 5 rats each: Control, Se1 (1 mg Se+4 equivalent/kg body weight) and Se3 (3 mg Se+4 equivalent/kg body weight). All treatments were administered once a day for 10 consecutive days and the animals were sacrificed on the 11th day. Selenite interfered with the growth gain and caused an increase in ALT, AST and GGT activities as well as in the levels of total and direct bilirubin, serum iron, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, as well as a decrease in WBC and RBC numbers and in HGB concentration. In the Se1 and Se3 groups hydropic degeneration, perivascular edema, necrosis and anuclear cells were observed in the liver, while in the kidney hydropic degeneration, congestion and vascular ectasia were observed. Sodium selenite toxicity was shown to be dose-dependent.

Classical ciphers can often be broken using some statistical\ninformation about the plaintext, that means the frequency analysis. After the discovery\nof frequency analysis, perhaps by the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi in the 9th century,\nmost all such ciphers became breakable, until the development of the polyalphabetic\nciphers. These ciphers was done most possible by Leon Battista Alberti around the year\n1467. The polyalphabetic ciphers used different ciphers for various parts of a message.\nThe most famous polyalphabetic ciphers is the Vigenère cipher. In this paper, the idea\nto improve this cipher arises from the Vernam idea specified in U.S. Patent 1,310,719,\nissued July 22, 1919, in which he used the XOR operation to encode the characters in\nthe Baudot code, a 5-bit code, invented by Émile Baudot in 1870, which allowed the\ntelegraph transmission.

Problems of thermal conduction for the composite environs are very important in the high temperature thermo physics, and it is connected with necessity of calculation of multiple coating for the different devices.\nStudying of the laminated superconducting materials, for example, “sandwiches” (dielectric-metal-dielectric), is closely associated with research of the boundary interface and surface layers.In a non-linear case, we have considered the problem with a small parameter and discussed an issue of applicability of some aspects of a theory of bifurcation of the nonlinear equations\' solutions[1;3].One of the physical statement leads to the boundary problem of thermal conduction of the multilayer materials and studying of the solutions complying with the thermal contact conditions and nonlinear boundary conditions of Stefan-Boltzmann [2].

In the introduction of this study some aspects are highlighted on the importance and usefulness of simple linear regression econometric model in an economic entity decision making. A case study is presened below on the correlation between the number of employees within a company and the amount of contributions the company must transfer to the security and social protection budgets for each employee.\nThe conclusions focused on the results obtained in this case study which confirm the hypothesis of a connection between the employees number and the contributions amount paid to the security and social protection budgets. From this point of view this case study’s main aim was achieved.

We investigated genetic variation in branch and needles traits of Pinus silvestris L. clonal seed orchard from Taşköprü-Kastamonu. Collected from 30 clones x 7 graft x 5 branch and 10 needles from each branch were studied. In this study, genetic diversity structure in a clonal seed garden was determined according to 16 branch and needle characteristics. Results of study show that NW2, NL1, NL2 and NW1 are strongly inherited characteristics. According to the results of SAS analysis, the variation between the clones is averaged at 19.2 % and the variation within the clones is averaged at 22.72 %. The variation between the clones are range from 6.93 % (NN1) to 41.0 % (NL2) and the variation within the clones are range from 58.02 % (NL2) to 92.08 (NN1). Results of this study show that, genetic variation within clones is higher than among clones for all characters.

In this article we discuss the break point existence in the monthly precipitation series collected between January 1965 and December 2005 at two meteorological stations situated on the Romanian Black Sea Littoral. Performing the segmentation procedure of\nHubert, the mDP algorithm and the BP procedure, August and October 2005 have been determined as break points for Mangalia series. Since there is no enough data after October 2005, the model for the precipitation evolution has been designed for the period\nbefore August 2005. The segmentation procedure of Hubert, the mDP algorithm and the BP procedure, on the one hand, and the Pettitt test, one the other hand, provided different change points for Sulina series. Therefore, a Box-Cox transformation has been performed to obtain the data normality, which is a requisite for the Buishand, Lee &\nHeghinian and Barry & Hartighan tests. Since for the transformed series, all the tests gave the same change point (August 1982), alternative models have been built for it, for the periods until and after it. Both approaches (parametrical and nonparametric)\nproposed by us, suggest the same trend for the precipitation evolution at the studied stations.

Cancer classification has become an active area of research in the biomedical domain. With the increase in the number of cancer victims, an efficient technique for cancer classification is necessary to reduce the death rate of the cancer patients. Several researches are being done to improve the accuracy of cancer classification and also to reduce the convergence time of the algorithms. Cancer classification results in better diagnosis which reduces the death rate of the cancer patients. Moreover, cancer classification plays a vital role in the discovery of drug in the field of medical sciences. In this research, efficient neural network techniques and statistical ranking techniques are used along with able learning algorithms for providing significant cancer classification. The primary objective is to propose efficient cancer classification techniques which provide reliable and significant classification accuracy. The proposed cancer classification approaches have two steps. In the first step, all genes in the training dataset are ranked using a scoring scheme. From this step, the genes with the highest ranks are identified. In the second step, the classification capability of all simple two gene combinations among the genes selected is tested using a neural network algorithm. In this paper uses three proficient classifiers such as Back Propagation Algorithm, Fuzzy Neural Networks and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems. The performances of the proposed approaches are evaluated on lymphoma datasets. The performance is evaluated based on the performance measures such as classification accuracy, classification time and convergence behavior. From the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed Fast Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (FANFIS) approach provides significant performance with very high accuracy, less classification time and less convergence time compared to other methods.

The main objective of this paper is at developing an effective machine learning techniques for cancer classification, which could provide reliable cancer classification with better accuracy. The work comprises of two steps. In the first step, important genes are chosen using ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) ranking scheme. The second step involves the classification task using an efficient classifier. Here we use the three efficient classifiers such as Fast Support Vector Machine Learning (FSVML), Fast Extreme Learning Machine Learning (FELML) and Relevance Vector Machine Learning (RVMMLML). The experimental values are computed using three datasets namely Lymphoma, Leukemia and SRBCT. The results are interpreted in terms of Testing Accuracy and Training Time. From the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed RVMMLML approach provides better classification accuracy results compared to other classification on the datasets considered.

Background-AIMS: Little is known about the prognostic significance of elevated serum relaxin in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.The present study is designed to investigate the potential association between serum relaxin levels and the risk of AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We measured circulating relaxin levels in 80 patients (median age 62.3 years) who presented with first-time AMI 8 hours after the incident.The circulating relaxin-2 levels in 80 healthy volunteers (median age 61.5 years) was also measured. Relaxin-2 was detected using enzyme immunoassay in both groups. RESULTS: Serum relaxin levels were significantly higher in patients with AMI (27.4±6.3ng/ml) compared to controls (9.2±2.3 ng/ml)(P<0.01).We found that a relaxin level>13.8 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 86% for predicting AMI.Relaxin revealed the higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing AMI. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated Relaxin in plasma may be a novel biomarker for early detection of AMI

Recent developments in Cardiac surgery have led to increase in number of patients between the age group of 25 and 69 years of age who have survived Myocardial Infarction. Regular and continuous monitoring of these patients becomes essential as this age group of people is the real asset to a family. Hence this paper aims in design and development of low cost, light weight, portable Telecardiac system for remote monitoring of cardiac patients. The proposed system employs a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), a reconfigurable platform that performs online analysis of the acquired ECG signal continuously . FPGA based Arrhythmia detector, implemented on a DE2 Altera Cyclone II board is interfaced with GSM/GPS module to alert the physician on a mobile phone about the imminent fatal condition and location of the patient. If the portable system detects any arrhythmia, it automatically sends an alarm condition to the patient’s care taker and ambulance centre by sending an SMS that has information about the abnormal condition and location of the patient.

This paper presents an efficient multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for circuit bi-partitioning applications. Multi-objective optimization algorithms such as Weighted Sum Genetic Algorithm (WSGA), Elitist Non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm (ENGA) and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization using Crowding Distance (MOPSO-CD) are applied to circuit bi-partitioning problems. To valídate the performance of these evolutionary algorithms, MCNC benchmark circuits are used. Two objectives such as cut-cost and area- imbalance of the bi-partition are simultaneously optimized. The experimental results showed that ENGA performs better than WSGA and MOPSO-CD for circuit bi-partitioning applications.